Training Evaluation Metrics

There is a need to use metrics to train your employees’ efficiency. This way, training investment will translate to higher profit margins for the organization.

An increasing number of HR practitioners and training managers now see the need to use metrics to train your employees’ efficiency.

According to a survey conducted by Expertus and TrainingIndustry.com in early 2008, 35% of the training budget allocation of the survey respondents was spent on delivery. Content development and administration were allotted 26% and 24%, respectively. Technology, meanwhile, is allotted only 15% of training budget. Training budget allocations for companies could reach millions, which is why this data is relevant. While training is a legitimate operational expense, it should always be justified by relevant training efficiency metrics.

Training and development, also called professional development, is one of the primary motivators of employee retention. It is also one key benefit that is most likely to attract high-quality job applicants. In order for a business organization to experience the full benefits of their training investments, training benefits should be translated to higher profit margins.

To accurately measure training programs, metrics, such as effectiveness skill cost, effectiveness outcome cost, efficiency, applicability, and appropriateness. Effectiveness skill cost and effectiveness outcome cost are metrics that measure training effectiveness. It can be derived by comparing scores of post-tests and pre-tests training sessions. In order to minimize effectiveness skill cost, participants may be encouraged to improve their post-test scores or minimize cost of training delivery. Essentially, the lower the effectiveness skill costs and effectiveness outcome costs, the better a company’s training program is performing. Minimizing effectiveness outcome costs could be done through one of two ways.

First, the company could invest on a pre-test, which is done before employees are enrolled to a training activity. Those who already meet the training requirements no longer need to push through with the training. Second, those who are most likely not to pass the training course could be eliminated; or a prerequisite course could be organized for them. Efficiency metric, on the other hand, measures the amount of training delivered per unit. It supports the idea that a classroom that is filled with training participants is more efficient compared to a room that is only half full. Applicability Ratio is another metric that can show managers how training is consistent with the needs of the business. This metric reveals whether the skills to be acquired from training are applicable to the business. Though this can be simply calculated, it can be very difficult to collect data that will support this. Appropriateness Ratio, meanwhile, determines that the right learning materials are delivered or provided to the right people. It is more specific than Applicability Ratio, as it measures the training of certain people who are given special tasks. Training, in this context, is associated to a project, team, or job function.

The metrics previously discussed are just some of the many training metrics that can be used to assess training programs implemented. You also have to remember that the training metrics implemented can differ from one company to another. Regardless of the difference in the nature and objectives of the organizations, it is universally beneficial to use metrics to train your employees’ efficiency.

Performance-based training is the emerging trend in training departments of organizations. These top 10 tips to do performance-based training will help implementation of such easier.

For those who are unfamiliar with performance-based training, these top 10 tips to do performance-based training will greatly improve the efficiency of implemented training programs. Keeping these tips in mind will surely bring much advantage for any business.

The shift from activity-based and academic-style training to performance-based training is one of the more prevalent trends in many organizations today. The performance-based training approach is heavily favored due to the fact that it can drive up business results. It can also lead to higher satisfaction of internal business partners as well. The challenge for training managers is how to efficiently handle transition towards a performance-based training program. The following are ten fool-proof ways of conducting such kind of training:

1. Define and provide clearly stated training performance objectives. This is necessary in order for both training instructors and training participants to know what is expected from them in order to achieve these training objectives.

2. Determine the specific needs of learners. To fully optimize all cents spent for training, the skills and competencies taught in these training programs should make the learners more efficient and effective in their jobs. This brings positive results, as higher profitability can be attributed to higher employee productivity.

3. Ensure that practice and feedback are included in a training program. Practice and feedback are necessary in order to provide room for improvement. Moreover, this will allow learners to make clarifications for them to gain better understanding of the training material.

4. Allow learners to display or demonstrate skills or competencies learned before end of training. Practicing newly acquired skills during the course of the training will help ensure that learners will gain mastery of new skills.

5. Have a better understanding of organizational goals and objectives. Before designing a training program, make sure that training activities are aligned with organizational objectives. Moreover, training investments should have high applicability and appropriateness ratios.

6. Be thorough in evaluating and assessing training requests. Consider only those requests that will produce the most impact to the organization and its employees.

7. Make sure that the Training Department is adequately staffed to meet the training needs of the organization. The number of training instructors should be proportional to the number of employees in the organization. This way, a desirable instructor to student ratio is maintained.

8. Regularly assess the competence of training instructors, including their knowledge in using analytical procedures and tools. Since training instructors are the source of new skills and competencies, it is necessary that their performance should be regularly assessed and monitored. Through the quality of their training performance, training success can be determined.

9. Consult with key business partners in order to supply needed training support. Training programs should be consistent with the overall objectives of the organization. To clarify which training needs are deemed more immediate by management, consultation should be done.

10. Keep a thorough documentation on training programs implemented. These records could be used as basis for future training investments. In addition, training managers could improve their training programs based on what went wrong with past training activities.

Training programs equip employees with new skills and knowledge needed to enhance productivity in the office setting. Training evaluation is needed to ensure the success of these training programs.

It is not out of the ordinary for businesses to venture into holding training programs for their employees, both old and new. This is because there are just so many new things, like, methods, procedures, and technologies alike, popping all over the business world. Moreover, the implementation of these new methods or procedures, as well as the usage of these new technologies, can bring forth a lot of advancement and improvement in the company. Thus, it is of much importance for businesses to hold training programs and sessions for their employees when deemed needed. And in ensuring the effectiveness of these training sessions, it is then important for businesses to undergo training evaluation.

Training evaluation actually refers to the process of scrutinizing all aspects of training sessions held by businesses. After all, training programs and sessions are given so that the members of a company’s workforce would acquire new job skills or enhance the present ones needed in performing certain tasks that come with their jobs. To make sure that these training programs do fulfill their purpose, there should then be training evaluation; and this is not done without the use of training metrics.

There is actually a method of training evaluation introduced by Donald Kirkpatrick in 1994 that is being used by many companies today. This method is comprised of four levels.

The first level focuses on the reactions of the participants of the training program. It is at this level that the perceptions of the participants regarding the training program are measured by the managers themselves. This stage is very important towards achieving improvement for both the participants and the organization as a whole. If the perceptions and the reactions of the participants towards the training sessions are negative to begin with, then there is not much hope for positive outcome.

The second level focuses on just how much the participants have learned from the training sessions. What’s assessed here is the absorption of the skills taught, as well as the knowledge or competencies gained from the completed training sessions. To accurately measure this, a pre-test should then be conducted before training takes place. This is to determine to what extent the knowledge of the participants is regarding the topic of the whole training program. After the program is completed, a post-test is then conducted. If there is significant improvement upon weighing the past and present scores, then new skills and competencies have definitely been learned and acquired.

The third level is termed as the transfer level. This focuses on measuring the behavioral changes of the participants in response to the knowledge acquired from the training program. It is at this level where managers can see for themselves how the participants apply their new skills or knowledge in the typical work or office setting. This is actually the level where the efficiency of training is ultimately tested.

The fourth level focuses on the contribution brought about by training to the whole of the organization. How have the newly acquired skills and knowledge contributed to the overall welfare of the company? This level focuses on the rate of success of training itself.

With this 4-level model designed by Kirkpatrick, training evaluation definitely becomes easier to process. Moreover, companies should never forego the evaluation of their training programs to ensure that their programs are indeed effective.

With new version of Balanced Scorecard Designer one could build a scorecard using a real data from training database.

The new version of Balanced Scorecard Designer has a feature called “SQL Indicator”. With SQL Indicator user can access data from some database and use it as a value for indicator in balanced scorecard.

This feature enables the integration between almost any business system and scorecard that user is designing. There are also some other possible integration ways, which third-party developers can use.

It is difficult for business organizations to measure the efficiency of training programs with metrics. Training managers need to identify the metrics that are relevant to their implementation and success.

Deciding to measure the efficiency of training programs with metrics will bring forth short-term and long-term benefits for an organization.

Training is an important activity for Human Resource departments of companies, as this will include all activities geared towards the acquisition of skills, knowledge, and competencies. All training activities are designed to make employees more capable of performing their duties. They are also meant to improve the ability of workers to make use of the company’s technological assets, like machineries and software applications. While training objectives are always beneficial on the perspective of employees, they could also be a source of headache for the business organization that will be shouldering all training costs. To ensure that every penny spent for training is well-invested, all implemented training programs should be evaluated in terms of their efficiency and effectiveness.

Metrics or measures applicable to training could be identified and evaluated. The most relevant of these metrics are then used as indicators of success or key performance indicators. Though training effectiveness assessment is very complicated, it generally turns out to be very beneficial for the entire organizations. To achieve this purpose, some internal training measurements could be used, like training cost, end-user satisfaction, and instructor performance. Training cost is an important metric, as this measures how much a company is spending on training one employee. It is essential that even before an evaluation period, company management and stakeholders should already be able to determine how much money is allocated for this purpose. Moreover, this is crucial, as it has been established in many HR studies that training has a direct relationship with employee turnover. End-user satisfaction, on the other hand, measures how satisfied training participants had been with a training program. Training assessment by the audience could be done immediately after a training session or several days after. Immediate training assessments or “smile sheets” will give training managers a more accurate idea about what went on inside a training classroom. Delayed training assessments by end-users, on the other hand, could serve as a measurement of the training material’s relevance. Instructor evaluation is also an important internal metric because this ensures that instructors’ presentation skills, adherence to training guidelines, subject knowledge, and organization values are consistent with training objectives. Training managers should continually strive for excellence from their trainers in order for the latter to deliver quality instruction in every training course.

HR and training managers could also measure the efficiency of training programs with metrics, like increased retention, increased operational efficiency, and increased sales. Increased retention means that there is less number of employees who leave their employment with the company. When used in training evaluation context, higher retention is a reflection of a well-implemented training program. Increased operational efficiency could also be an indicator of training success, especially in production-oriented businesses. In the same way, increased sales could reflect training efficiency, especially for firms that focus their training programs on their customer service and sales employees. There are more metrics that could be used by firms to assess their training efficiency. What is important is that these metrics should aid them in achieving their overall organizational goals.

Training scorecard is a framework of measurement used to assess and quantify the performance of training programs of a company.

The training scorecard can be used to evaluate the performance of training programs on metrics, such as ROI. It has become a tool used in measuring the performance of the HR department in providing training programs to company employees. Using the tool, training professionals and the HR personnel can identify the cost and can come up with another method to improve the performance of training programs.

The training program is one of the functions of the HR department. The human resource department is responsible for encouraging and/or conducting training programs. The training program is designed to improve the skills and potentialities of employees within a company. The program can have contribution for the improvement of productivity and profitability of a company. It can also be a factor employed by the company to attain its goals and objectives.

In measuring the training programs, it is helpful to use metrics to quantify the efficiency and efficacy of training activities. Key performance metrics can be utilized to determine and assess the performance of training programs that occur within a certain period. The training hours per employee or trainee per period and the time gap are sample metrics that can be used. The improved performance in sales, productivity, profits, and decreasing defects can also be based in the performance assessment of training programs.

Measuring training programs can also be done through the use of the training scorecard. The scorecard can contain metrics and perspectives to derive the total performance result of the training programs. Aside from the quality of the training programs, the company must also recognize the cost and the ROI. Other performance metrics can be utilized to help come up with perspectives summarizing the performance levels of the over-all programs.

The training scorecard, similar to other balanced scorecards, is comprised of four perspectives. The perspectives may be different in various fields. Nevertheless, the general perspectives in scorecard are financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, and learning and growth perspective.

Training efficacy, training execution, training dimensions, and strategic excellence are perspectives that can be included in the training scorecard as well. Other names of perspectives can be used in the development of training scorecard, depending on the kind of software used or scorecard developed by the company.

Measuring the performance of training programs can be very important to companies that aim for improved performance level, increased productivity, and enhanced profit potentials. The training program is not only designed for the benefit of the company. These programs are conducted to enhance the competency level of employees, and for employees to learn new skills that can be applied not just only in their line of work, but to other applications as well.

The importance of training programs has been realized by many companies, especially large entities. The training program can have worthwhile contributions for the attainment of the company’s goals and objectives.

The training scorecard is among the common performance measurements used to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of training programs. This tool helps the HR management come up with certain measures to improve its chance for future successes through the organization and implementation of training programs.

Aside from implementing training activities, HR managers also need to measure HR training performance with KPI or key performance indicators. This is necessary to ensure that training investments are optimized.

It is no longer surprising that today, more and more Human Resource (HR) practitioners have decided to measure HR training performance with KPI or key performance indicators.

It is the function of Human Resource departments to ensure that business organizations are able to generate high return on investment from their human capital or manpower, and at the same time, limit financial risk. Key functions of HR departments are recruitment strategy planning, hiring and recruitment of employees, selection, training and development, performance evaluation and management, promotions, industrial and employee relations, compensation and bonuses of employees, and career development. The emergence of human resources can be traced back to the early 1900s during the advent of the Taylorism movement.

Due to the variety of Human Resource functions, this department can take away a large chunk of an organization’s operational expenses. To make sure that this allocation is optimized, there is a need to regularly monitor the performance of the department. Perhaps the most costly among all HR functions is training. This includes all activities which enable employees or training participants to acquire new skills, competencies, and knowledge. Through training, employees become more adept at handling bigger responsibilities brought about by promotion. In fact, training and development is now widely considered a perk or employee benefit that can highly motivates employee longevity.

While a number of companies are willing to shell out millions in order to train their employees, these organizations regularly determine if their training investments are translated to higher profits. To do this, HR managers identify measures or metrics that quantitatively describe HR training performance. The most vital of these metrics are then considered as key performance indicators (KPIs) or success factors. There are various metrics that can be considered. It is up to the HR department to identify which among these are more important and crucial for the growth of a business organization. What is important is that these metrics should act as a bridge between training plans and training objectives. Though measuring training effectiveness can be very complex, especially to stakeholders and training personnel, this can potentially contribute long-term benefits for the business organization.

To measure HR training performance with KPI, metrics like average training hours per employee, average training cost per employee, and workforce productivity ratios could be used. Naturally, training cost is one of these metrics with the established relationship between training cost and employee turnover. Two other internal training metrics that could be used are instructor performance and end-user satisfaction. To ensure training success, it is always a good idea to measure and evaluate the competence of trainers by assessing their presentation skills, subject knowledge, and instructional guidelines adherence. End-user satisfaction could also be used, as the training audience could make training assessments even immediately after a session. Meanwhile, an increased employee retention rate could also be an indicator of a highly effective training program. On the other hand, increased sales is one metric that could indicate training success, especially if training efforts are centered on the company’s customer service and sales staff.

Training metrics is needed to determine the efficacy of training programs held by companies for their employees. When choosing which metrics to include, relevance is important here.

There comes a certain point in time when a company would have to hold training sessions for their employees, whether old or new. This is because at the fast pace the business world is at, there are certain technological advancements and whatnots that would really demand for training. Using and getting by the modern products brought about by technological advancements can be easy for the typical techie. However, you cannot say for sure that all members of your workforce are techie by nature. And training is not just about the new gadgets and gizmos bobbing all over the industry, for there are also modern methodologies and procedures that are being introduced as well. Thus, a lot of things can certainly encompass training. All of which, however, aim to equip the members of the workforce with newfound knowledge towards the goal of being more productive in their respective positions in the company. It is then safe to say that training can make any employee perform better and become more effective in completing their tasks and responsibilities. This is the primary reason why companies should invest in developing a systematic method of training metrics.

Metrics are quantifiable measures used to determine the efficiency of certain aspects in the work setting. In this context, metrics are the quantifiable aspects that are used to determine just how efficient a certain training program is. It is very important for companies to develop training metrics of their own so that they can ensure that the training sessions they hold are indeed effective in achieving their purpose. Furthermore, if the metrics indicate that the training sessions are effective, then it goes to show that the employees would become more productive and efficient in their respective jobs.

Now that the advantages of employing training metrics have been laid out, let us move on to the process of choosing which particular quantifiable measure to choose as training metrics. If there is one thing businesses should know about metrics is that no two companies can employ similar metrics all throughout. You have to understand that the metrics involved here should actually be in line with the goals and objectives that the company itself wants to achieve. Since no two companies can have the same goals and objectives all throughout, then it is safe to assume that no two companies employ the same set of metrics, particularly training metrics.

Choosing the appropriate training metrics to use can also be a bit confusing. However, this does not mean it is not doable at all. For the most part, it would actually be the human resource department of a company who would develop and choose the training metrics to use. This is of benefit because it is also the human resource department that would handle training sessions held by the company. Thus, they would have deeper insights on what quantifiable aspects to use as training metrics, to determine just how efficient and effective the company’s training programs and sessions are. Just remember to choose the metrics that are relevant to the purpose, as well as those that support the corporate goals and objectives.

Using a balanced scorecard as a training management tool helps business organizations have an accurate assessment of their training programs. This approach ensures a well-rounded assessment of training investments.

Training is generally defined as the process of acquiring new skills, knowledge, and competencies through instruction of vocational and practical skills, as well as theoretical concepts. A common worldwide trend is geared towards the continuance of training throughout an employee’s working life. Some organizations label this as professional development. Training is very important not only for the purpose of retaining employees but also for attracting high-quality job applicants. Training development is now universally accepted as one of the primary drivers of employment.

While training could be very beneficial for employees, business organizations should also ensure that training benefits could be translated to higher return on investment (ROI). The many training programs companies implement are no good if these do not bring satisfactory results in the end. More and more firms are now recognizing the importance of assessing training efficiency and determining how training impacts the entire organization. Companies have found different ways to undertake this endeavor. Basically, success factors or key performance indicators are identified by HR managers and other company stakeholders. These metrics are then used to provide quick assessment of how an organization is doing in terms of training and corporate objectives. Among the many training assessment methods, the Balanced Scorecard approach is one of the more widely used. Developed by management experts, Robert Kaplan and David Norton, this strategic approach allows business organizations to integrate their vision and objectives into operational plans and strategies.

As a performance management system, the Balanced Scorecard approach works from different perspectives namely; financial perspective, customer perspective, business process perspective, and learning and growth perspective. The financial perspective includes assessment of all relevant financial data. This perspective is included in this approach, as both Kaplan and Norton acknowledge the need for companies to associate training success with financial success. Customer perspective, on the other hand, is rooted on the new management philosophy on the importance of customer satisfaction and customer focus. Poor performance in terms of customer perspective could be an indicator of a performance decline in the future. The Business Process perspective, meanwhile, takes a look at how internal business processes work. The metrics under this perspective help managers determine how the company is performing. At the same time, this indicates whether or not products and services that are provided to end-users conform to set quality standards. Finally, the learning and growth perspective focuses on employee training and improvement of corporate cultural values to facilitate success of future organizational endeavors. The categorization of performance measures in four different perspectives is designed to make gathering and selection of metrics more convenient for managers.

Balanced scorecard as a training management tool is very effective as it gives HR and training managers a more accurate and well-rounded picture of how training programs can potentially affect the success of an organization, not just on one, but on four different perspectives. Because of its effectiveness as a management tool, the Balanced Scorecard is now implemented in various government agencies, corporate units including non-profit organizations and learning institutions, and military units.

Most companies with employee training programs evaluate training efficiency based on questionnaires and happy sheets. While this is a good and time tested method of training evaluation, it is simply not enough and more quantitative and concrete training evaluation metrics are required for making important training related decisions.

Each and every organization has different kinds of training programs for different purposes, with most large companies having an individual training department with their own individual budgets. Unfortunately, training evaluation is never given as much of a priority as the evaluation of other performance metrics in any organization, like sales or growth etcetera.

This is because most organizations do not think that training influences the bottom line as much as other factors, which is totally false. Training influences the bottom line, though in a small manner, through the cost that is incurred on training expenses and the benefits that are reaped by the organization as a result of employee training. While getting employees to fill out questionnaires describing the benefit of the training they have undergone is all well and good, better methods of training evaluation, preferably quantitative ones need to be used if you want your company and your employees to benefit from training programs. Some of the key criteria which should be used for the evaluation of corporate training are:

Costs: Knowing how much your training programs cost is necessary for evaluating any kind of training program objectively. The main emphasis of all training programs somewhere or the other focuses on increasing profits, even if it is through indirect programs like employee retention or employee interaction programs and the effect on the bottom line can be gauged only once you know the exact amount of money that your firm is spending on the training programs. In order to calculate training cost, you need to factor in both the direct cost of training- payment to external agencies involved in training, travel, consultancy, material etcetera and the indirect cost of training, which generally includes things like the cost of training equipment and facilities and the emoluments of training staff employed in-house.
Employee Learning: Since the main objective of any kind of training program is to increase the knowledge level of a trainee with regard to certain subjects, measuring the increase in knowledge or learning is a crucial variable that will directly tell you about the effectiveness of any training program. Taking before and after exams or simply taking tests after the training has been imparted can give you a fair idea about the effectiveness of your training program in improving your trainees’ level of knowledge. Needless to say, if the students in your program fail to pass these tests or barely pass, your training program needs to be re-looked at and maybe restructured.

Profit: An increase in productivity and profits as a result of training is a new but useful way of evaluating your training programs. However, considering that the final objective of any training program is to help increase performance and profits, this is the most direct method of evaluating a training program. Profits are supposed to go up after a training program since employees who have imbibed training are supposed to be more efficient and skilled than they were earlier. Better employee performance as a result of training will directly impact profits and you can easily compare the costs involved in training with the benefits thereof, or to be more precise calculate the return on investment of your training program to gauge its effectiveness.